| Word | Reading | Meaning |
|---|
| 夷 | えびす | peoples formerly of northern Japan with distinct language and culture (i.e. the Ainu); provincial (i.e. a person who lives far from the city); brutish, unsophisticated warrior (esp. used by Kyoto samurai to refer to samurai from eastern Japan); foreigner, barbarian |
| 夷 | えびす, ゑびす, えべす, ひるこ | Ebisu (god of fishing and commerce) |
| 蝦夷 | えぞ, えみし | peoples formerly of northern Japan with distinct language and culture (i.e. the Ainu); Yezo (northern part of Meiji-era Japan, esp. Hokkaido, but also Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands) |
| 攘夷 | じょうい | expulsion of the foreigners |
| 夷国 | いこく | land of the barbarians |
| 夷人 | いじん | barbarian, devil |
| 夷俗 | いぞく | customs of the barbarians |
| 夷狄 | いてき | barbarians, aliens |
| 勤王攘夷 | きんのうじょうい | loyalty to the emperor and expulsion of the foreigners |
| 勤皇攘夷 | きんのうじょうい | loyalty to the emperor and expulsion of the foreigners |
